Top 10 Biggest Waterfalls in the World

Waterfalls are among nature's most spectacular displays of power and beauty. These cascading wonders combine the raw force of flowing water with breathtaking natural scenery, creating some of the most visited and photographed landmarks on Earth. From the thunderous roar of massive volume waterfalls to the graceful plunge of towering cascades, each waterfall tells a unique story of geological formation and natural wonder.

The world's biggest waterfalls are measured by various criteria - some by their incredible height, others by their massive water volume, and some by their impressive width. These natural marvels have captivated explorers, photographers, and nature lovers for centuries, drawing millions of visitors annually to witness their awe-inspiring displays. For those interested in exploring other natural wonders, check out our lists of tallest trees in the world and driest places on Earth.

Methodology

This ranking considers waterfalls based on their water volume (flow rate) as the primary criterion, as this represents the true "size" in terms of the amount of water flowing over the falls. Secondary considerations include height, width, and overall visual impact. Data is sourced from geological surveys, hydrological studies, and official tourism measurements. Flow rates can vary seasonally, so average annual flow rates are used for consistency. For comparison with other natural water features, explore our list of longest coastlines in the world.

List of Biggest Waterfalls

10. Rhine Falls - 600 cubic meters per second

Located on the Rhine River between the Swiss cantons of Schaffhausen and Zürich, Rhine Falls is Europe's most powerful waterfall. With a width of 150 meters and a height of 23 meters, this horseshoe-shaped cascade creates an impressive display of white water and mist. The falls are formed by the resistant limestone rock that creates a natural barrier, forcing the Rhine River to plunge over the edge. This geological formation represents millions of years of erosion processes and river dynamics. Visitors can experience the falls from multiple viewing platforms, including boat tours that take you close to the thundering waters. The site is easily accessible by car from Zurich (45 minutes) or by train to Neuhausen am Rheinfall station. The surrounding area features medieval castles and charming Swiss villages, making it a popular destination for both ecotourism and cultural heritage tourism. Best visiting times are spring through fall, with peak flow in late spring. The hydrological system here supports diverse aquatic ecosystems and provides renewable energy through nearby hydroelectric facilities. For those planning to visit, consider exploring other European natural wonders and countries with the best quality of life.

9. Gullfoss - 140 cubic meters per second

Iceland's most famous waterfall, Gullfoss (Golden Falls), is a spectacular two-tiered cascade on the Hvítá River. The waterfall drops 32 meters in two stages, creating a dramatic display of water plunging into a narrow canyon. The name "Golden Falls" comes from the golden color the water appears to have on sunny days due to the glacial sediment and mineral deposits. This volcanic landscape formation showcases Iceland's unique geothermal activity and ice age geology. Gullfoss is part of Iceland's famous Golden Circle tourist route and is considered one of the country's most beautiful natural attractions. The site is easily accessible by car from Reykjavik (1.5 hours) and features a visitor center with parking and facilities. The waterfall's power is most impressive during spring when glacial melt increases the water flow, though it maintains its beauty year-round, even when partially frozen in winter. Best visiting times are May through September, with summer offering the most dramatic displays. The surrounding tundra ecosystem and geothermal features make this a prime destination for adventure tourism and nature photography. Iceland's unique landscape also features some of the rainiest places on Earth, making it a fascinating destination for weather enthusiasts.

8. Sutherland Falls - 11 cubic meters per second

Located in New Zealand's Fiordland National Park, Sutherland Falls is one of the world's tallest waterfalls with a total height of 580 meters. While its water volume is relatively modest, its impressive height and the dramatic mountain setting make it a remarkable natural wonder. The falls cascade down three distinct tiers in the remote wilderness of Milford Sound area, showcasing the glacial valley formation and alpine geology of the Southern Alps. Accessible only by hiking the famous Milford Track (4-day guided trek), Sutherland Falls offers an adventurous experience for those willing to make the journey through this UNESCO World Heritage wilderness. The track requires advance booking and is only open during the hiking season (late October to late April). Guided tours are available from Te Anau, and the falls are typically reached on day 3 of the trek. The falls are named after Donald Sutherland, one of the early European settlers in the area, and represent the pristine beauty of New Zealand's temperate rainforest ecosystem. This backcountry destination attracts wilderness enthusiasts and landscape photographers seeking untouched natural beauty.

7. Dettifoss - 193 cubic meters per second

Iceland's Dettifoss is Europe's most powerful waterfall by volume, located in the remote northeast of the country. With a width of 100 meters and a drop of 44 meters, this massive cascade creates an incredible display of raw power. The waterfall is fed by the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river, which carries glacial meltwater from the Vatnajökull glacier. The surrounding landscape is stark and dramatic, with basalt columns and volcanic formations creating a moon-like environment that showcases Iceland's tectonic activity and igneous geology. This arctic wilderness area represents one of the most pristine geological formations in Europe. Dettifoss gained international fame when it was featured in the opening scene of the movie "Prometheus," showcasing its otherworldly beauty and power. The volcanic plateau surrounding the falls attracts geology enthusiasts and nature photographers seeking dramatic landscape photography opportunities. Access is via Route 1 from Akureyri (1.5 hours) or Route 862 from Mývatn (45 minutes). The site features parking and marked trails, with the best viewing from the west bank. Best visiting times are June through September, with summer offering the most dramatic displays and accessibility.

6. Kaieteur Falls - 663 cubic meters per second

Located in Guyana's Kaieteur National Park, Kaieteur Falls is one of the world's most powerful single-drop waterfalls. With a height of 226 meters and a width of 113 meters, this spectacular cascade is nearly five times higher than Niagara Falls. The falls are situated in pristine tropical rainforest, accessible only by small aircraft from Georgetown (1-hour flight) or multi-day hiking expeditions through this biodiversity hotspot. Daily flights are available from Ogle Airport, with guided tours including the flight and 2-hour ground time. The remote wilderness location makes it a destination for eco-adventure tourism and wildlife observation. Best visiting times are during the dry season (September to March) when flights are more reliable. The surrounding area is home to unique wildlife including the golden frog and various bird species, representing one of the most intact ecosystem conservation areas in South America. This plateau formation showcases the Guiana Shield geology and precambrian rock formations. Kaieteur Falls is named after the legendary Amerindian chief Kai, who is said to have paddled over the falls in a canoe to save his people from enemies, making it not only a natural wonder but also a place of cultural significance.

5. Yosemite Falls - 2,400 cubic meters per second (peak flow)

California's Yosemite Falls is one of the tallest waterfalls in North America and the world, with a total height of 739 meters. The falls consist of three sections: Upper Yosemite Fall, the middle cascades, and Lower Yosemite Fall. While its average flow is much lower (approximately 15 cubic meters per second), during peak spring runoff, the falls can reach impressive volumes. This granite formation showcases the dramatic glacial valley geology of Yosemite National Park, carved by ice age glaciers over millions of years. The waterfall is most spectacular in late spring when snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains creates the highest flow rates. Yosemite Falls is easily accessible from Yosemite Valley via shuttle bus or short walk from the visitor center, and is one of the most photographed waterfalls in the world, with its dramatic granite backdrop making it a favorite subject for landscape photographers. The falls are visible year-round but flow strongest in late spring (April-June). The park requires entrance fees and advance reservations during peak season (May-September). Best viewing is from the Lower Yosemite Fall trail (1-mile loop) or from various viewpoints in Yosemite Valley. The surrounding alpine ecosystem and national park infrastructure make it a premier destination for outdoor recreation and nature tourism.

4. Niagara Falls - 2,400 cubic meters per second (average)

Straddling the border between the United States and Canada, Niagara Falls is one of the world's most famous waterfalls. The falls consist of three separate waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls (the largest), American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls. With a combined width of 1,200 meters and a height of 51 meters, Niagara Falls creates an impressive display of water power. This glacial formation was created by the Wisconsin glaciation and represents one of the most significant hydrological systems in North America. The falls are not only a natural wonder but also a major source of hydroelectric power for both countries, showcasing the intersection of renewable energy and natural resources. The surrounding area has been developed into a major tourist destination, with observation towers, boat tours, and casinos, making it one of the most visited waterfalls in the world. Access is easy from both Buffalo, NY (30 minutes) and Toronto, Canada (1.5 hours). The falls are visible year-round, with peak flow in spring and summer. Popular activities include the Maid of the Mist boat tour, Cave of the Winds walk, and various observation decks. Best visiting times are May through October, with summer offering the most dramatic displays. The Great Lakes system that feeds these falls represents one of the largest freshwater ecosystems on Earth.

3. Iguazu Falls - 1,756 cubic meters per second

Located on the border between Argentina and Brazil, Iguazu Falls is one of the world's most spectacular waterfall systems. The falls consist of 275 individual cascades spread across 2.7 kilometers, with the tallest drop being 82 meters at the Devil's Throat. This basalt formation was created by volcanic activity and represents one of the most complex waterfall systems in the world. The falls are surrounded by lush subtropical rainforest that is home to diverse wildlife including jaguars, toucans, and butterflies, making it a biodiversity hotspot and ecosystem conservation area. Iguazu Falls is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature. The falls are most impressive during the rainy season when water levels are at their highest, creating a thunderous display of water and mist that can be heard from miles away. The surrounding Atlantic Forest ecosystem attracts eco-tourists and wildlife enthusiasts from around the world. Access is via Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil) or Puerto Iguazú (Argentina), both with international airports. The falls are accessible year-round, with peak flow during the rainy season (December-March). Best viewing is from the Brazilian side for panoramic views, and the Argentine side for close-up experiences. The park offers extensive walking trails, boat tours, and wildlife viewing opportunities.

2. Victoria Falls - 1,088 cubic meters per second

Known locally as "Mosi-oa-Tunya" (the smoke that thunders), Victoria Falls is one of the world's most famous waterfalls. Located on the Zambezi River between Zambia and Zimbabwe, the falls are 1,708 meters wide and 108 meters high, making them the largest single sheet of falling water in the world. This basalt gorge formation was created by tectonic activity and represents one of the most dramatic geological formations in Africa. The falls create a permanent rain forest in the surrounding area due to the constant spray and mist, creating a unique microclimate and ecosystem. Victoria Falls is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. The falls are most spectacular during the wet season when the Zambezi River is at its highest, though the dry season offers better views of the rock formations beneath the falls. The surrounding savanna ecosystem and wildlife conservation areas make it a premier destination for safari tourism and adventure travel. Access is via Livingstone, Zambia (international airport) or Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe (international airport). The falls are accessible year-round, with peak flow during the wet season (February-May) and best visibility during the dry season (August-December). Popular activities include helicopter tours, bungee jumping, white-water rafting, and safari experiences. The town offers excellent infrastructure with hotels, restaurants, and tour operators. For those interested in African geography, explore our list of most populous cities in the world to see how urban centers compare to these natural wonders.

1. Inga Falls - 25,000 cubic meters per second

Located on the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Inga Falls is the world's largest waterfall by volume. This massive cascade is actually a series of rapids and falls that drop 96 meters over a distance of 15 kilometers. This tectonic formation was created by the Congo Basin geology and represents one of the most powerful hydrological systems on Earth. The falls are part of the Inga Dam project, which harnesses the incredible power of the Congo River for hydroelectric generation. The Inga Falls complex is so powerful that it has been proposed as a site for the world's largest renewable energy project, the Grand Inga Dam, which could potentially provide electricity for much of Africa. The falls are located in a remote area and are not easily accessible to tourists due to security concerns and lack of tourist infrastructure, but they represent one of the most powerful displays of water on Earth. Access would require special permits and security arrangements through the Democratic Republic of Congo government. The area is primarily accessible to researchers, engineers, and government officials working on the hydroelectric projects. The surrounding tropical rainforest ecosystem and biodiversity conservation areas make this region one of the most important ecological systems in Africa.

Summary of the Top 10 Biggest Waterfalls

*Peak flow during spring runoff (average flow: ~15 m³/s)

Conclusion

The world's biggest waterfalls represent some of nature's most powerful and beautiful displays. From the massive volume of Inga Falls to the towering height of Sutherland Falls, each waterfall offers a unique combination of natural power and scenic beauty. These cascades not only provide spectacular viewing experiences but also serve important ecological functions, supporting diverse ecosystems and providing renewable energy sources.

Whether measured by volume, height, or width, these waterfalls continue to captivate visitors from around the world, reminding us of the incredible power and beauty of our natural world. Each waterfall tells a story of geological formation, water cycle dynamics, and the ongoing processes that shape our planet's landscape. For more exploration of Earth's natural wonders, discover our comprehensive guides to ancient civilizations and archaeological discoveries that have shaped human understanding of our planet's history.